{"id":57958,"date":"2026-09-17T13:43:16","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T11:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arbrea-labs.com\/?p=57958"},"modified":"2026-09-17T22:22:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T20:22:25","slug":"benh-nhan-roi-khoi-hang-platos-de-tro-chuyen-voi-nha-triet-hoc-giao-su-iacono-ve-phau-thuat-tham-my","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arbrea-labs.com\/vi\/the-patient-who-has-left-platos-cave-a-conversation-with-philosopher-prof-iacono-on-aesthetic-surgery\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi hang Plato. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Iacono v\u1ec1 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9"},"content":{"rendered":"
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M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ham mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u1eefa.<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Maurizio Iacono<\/em>, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pisa.<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t
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B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc qua m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi mong mu\u1ed1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u00edt hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o.<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi thay cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean Instagram trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ef1c ra th\u00ec c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta \u2014 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t \u0111i khung h\u00ecnh<\/em>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c; v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u201cV\u0103n h\u1ecdc h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u\u201d xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb fingo<\/em>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Truy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 n\u1eefa, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 khung c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khung c\u1ea3nh \u0111ang d\u1ea7n m\u1edd \u0111i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eadn ra khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang xem m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3, hay khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0 trong r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/em>: Ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u?<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i; sau b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng theo m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb \u2014 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0; nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng, v\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111ang t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf to l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u2013 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n tr\u1ebb trung. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 hai, c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian: ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01a1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ham mu\u1ed1n thay th\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u00f3 \u2014 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u2014 nh\u01b0ng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ham mu\u1ed1n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ham mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n; nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n ham mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/em>, \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi k\u1ecbch, v\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i cho t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 \u00e1i n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt cho bi\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn hay th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i n\u1eefa \u2013 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. H\u00e3y g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 do th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n. Khi b\u1ea1n mua b\u01a1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean; nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ham mu\u1ed1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 c\u00f2n lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang: n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean s\u00e0n di\u1ec5n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1ea1n, mang l\u1ea1i cho b\u1ea1n ham mu\u1ed1n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1n n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, ai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra n\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra. B\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, b\u1ea1n mua n\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u1eddi \u0111i. Ph\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb1ng sau ph\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u \u2013 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ham mu\u1ed1n, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i: n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u2014 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1ea3nh mai, tr\u1ebb trung. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i hay n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u1ea3nh mai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m; nh\u1eefng n\u1ebfp nh\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a cho ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n nay. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9, t\u1eeb \u00fd ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n th\u1eddi gian. V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n n\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trung gian\u201d. Li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trung gian \u2014 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1ebb em \u2014 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t sinh gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n. Th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u. Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c khung c\u1ea3nh. Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 b\u00e9 ch\u01a1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u1edbi b\u00fap b\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi sinh m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00fap b\u00ea; c\u00f4 \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u00f4 \u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, v\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f4 b\u00e9 ch\u01a1i vai ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n cho ch\u00fang s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed9 phim d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Plato. Trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1ed1ng theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft \u2013 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u00e3y xem m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 phim kinh d\u1ecb: khi b\u1ea1n s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec? B\u1ea1n quay \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn sang ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i. B\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Instagram m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea1p xem phim. T\u00f4i mua v\u00e9, ch\u1edd \u0111\u00e8n t\u1eaft ba l\u1ea7n, v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp giao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean. V\u00e0 giao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt: b\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem, \u0111ang t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ni\u1ec1m tin \u2013 nh\u01b0 Coleridge \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u2013 hay nh\u01b0 Bateson \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3: \u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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\u201cTruy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u n\u1eefa, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 khung c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.\u201d <\/p>Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Maurizio Iacono<\/span>Tri\u1ebft gia, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pisa<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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M\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. V\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tin v\u00e0o c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng? Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Khi t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n, t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u1eady c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang: c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Truy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u2013 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, v\u0103n b\u1ea3n hay l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy t\u1eafc; c\u00f3 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh v\u1eadt h\u1eefu ph\u00e0m, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, quy t\u1eafc, lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi gian: n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n

Khi Heraclitus n\u00f3i \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tra x\u00e9t m\u00ecnh\u201d, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 tra x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh; v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tra x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u2014 v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu, l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3ng ma c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u00e2m l\u00fd: ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. S\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n, m\u00ea s\u1ea3ng \u2014 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n? Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n qu\u00ean \u0111i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u00e0ng cho b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, th\u00ec c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf cho c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang th\u1edf, \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, v\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00edch nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 manga trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a khi\u00eau d\u00e2m. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00f3a, manga v\u1eabn cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m khi\u00eau d\u00e2m v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eabn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t: n\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng, th\u1edf, ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y, ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay th\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00edch h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 mong r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u qua x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang. Trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u00e8o, b\u00e9o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd v\u00e0 tr\u00f2n tr\u1ecba l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9; trong c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, b\u00e9o l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3. H\u00e3y ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu \u2014 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u00fap b\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu<\/em>, mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 mang qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u00f4n l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m t\u00f4n l\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ef1 m\u1ea3nh mai, s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 \u00fd ch\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh \u00e2m v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i sao, trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a theo khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh khi\u00eau d\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp cho nh\u1eefng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u1ebb. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u2014 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba th\u00e3i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, v\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. \u1ede m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3; \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c n\u00e0o \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p, trong \u0111\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi xa l\u1ea1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. M\u00e1y m\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng: kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m, ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc \u2013 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p nhau h\u00f4m nay, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Li\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c sinh h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t

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V\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Maurizio Iacono<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>

Alfonso Maurizio Iacono l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd v\u00e0 l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i L\u1ecbch s\u1eed tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/strong> v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pisa<\/strong>. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u00ea t\u00edn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u2014 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trung gian\u201d: nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i chung, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div> \n\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A philosopher on social media, desire, and the patient who no longer sees the risk. An interview with Prof. Maurizio Iacono, philosopher, University of Pisa....","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":57959,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,711],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-arbrea-blog","category-second-opinion"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Patient Who Has Left Plato's Cave. 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