{"id":17506,"date":"2022-03-08T17:24:15","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T17:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arbrea-labs.com\/?p=17506"},"modified":"2025-02-21T16:50:39","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T15:50:39","slug":"5-gra-frymezuese-qe-ndryshuan-historine-e-mjekesise-dhe-teknologjise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arbrea-labs.com\/sq\/5-empowering-women-who-changed-the-history-of-medicine-and-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"5 gra frym\u00ebzuese q\u00eb ndryshuan historin\u00eb e mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe teknologjis\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nj\u00eb histori e shkurt\u00ebr mjek\u00ebsore e femrave<\/h2>\n

Pse \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb historia kirurgjikale e femr\u00ebs<\/strong> Aq e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t'u ngritur si \u00e7\u00ebshtje? P\u00ebr shekuj me radh\u00eb, grave iu mohua njohuria mjek\u00ebsore dhe progres teknologjik, pasi konsiderohej si nj\u00eb fush\u00eb studimi e dominuar nga burrat.<\/p>\n

Kur kirurgjia plastike hodhi hapat e saj t\u00eb par\u00eb drejt praktikave rikonstruktive n\u00eb Mesjet\u00eb, grat\u00eb u ndaluan t\u00eb merrnin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb prova t\u00eb tilla. N\u00eb vitin 1540, statuti p\u00ebr \u201cKompania e Berber\u00ebve Kirurg\u00eb<\/strong>\u201d, shoqata e par\u00eb e kirurg\u00ebve, p\u00ebrjashtuar grat\u00eb nga \u00e7do lloj praktike<\/strong>. N\u00eb shekullin e 14-t\u00eb, Mbreti Henri VIII tha: \u201cAsnj\u00eb zdrukth\u00ebtar, kovaxh, end\u00ebs apo grua, nuk do t\u00eb ushtroj\u00eb kirurgji.\u201d<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, historia nuk ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb kaq e ashp\u00ebr; bota e lasht\u00eb i kishte mir\u00ebpritur grat\u00eb t\u00eb merrnin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb dijen shkencore. Sipas zbulimeve, student\u00ebt e mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb femra ishin t\u00eb pranishme n\u00eb Heliopolis<\/strong>, Egjipt, 1500 p.e.s. Asklepi, biri i Apollonit, kishte kat\u00ebr vajza q\u00eb ishin mjek\u00eb n\u00eb Greqin\u00eb e Lasht\u00eb. Tetrabiblion<\/em>, shkruar nga Atius (150 pas Krishtit), detajon procedurat kirurgjikale t\u00eb Aspasis\u00eb<\/strong>, nj\u00eb kirurge greko-romake. Deri n\u00eb shekullin e 11-t\u00eb, ky konsiderohej teksti kryesor kirurgjik.<\/p>\n

Po, po p\u00ebr shekullin e 19-t\u00eb? Grat\u00eb kurr\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 6% nga \u00e7do klas\u00eb e shkoll\u00ebs mjek\u00ebsore<\/strong> n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara ose Kanada para vitit 1970. N\u00eb ato vite, l\u00ebvizja feministe, nj\u00eb rritje e numrit t\u00eb grave q\u00eb diplomoheshin n\u00eb kolegji, dhe vende t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb lira pune inkurajuan grat\u00eb t\u00eb aplikonin n\u00eb shkoll\u00ebn e mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1970, grat\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin rreth 5% t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb mjek\u00ebve n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara; deri n\u00eb vitin 2001, ai p\u00ebrqindje ishte rritur n\u00eb 24%<\/strong>. Shoqata Amerikane e Kolegjeve Mjek\u00ebsore (AAMC) vler\u00ebsoi se regjistrimet n\u00eb shkollat \u200b\u200bmjek\u00ebsore jan\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht t\u00eb barabarta midis burrave dhe grave.<\/p>\n

Dr J.M. Barry, \u201cdjaloshi pa mjek\u00ebr\u201d<\/h2>\n
\"first

Dr. J.M. Barry<\/p><\/div>\n

Historia e kirurgeve femra fillon me historin\u00eb magjeps\u00ebse t\u00eb Dr James Berry<\/strong> (1795\u20131865), i njohur gjithashtu me emrin \u201cdjal\u00eb pa mjek\u00ebr<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dr Barry ndoqi Shkoll\u00ebn e Mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb Edinburgut, e cila g\u00ebzonte reputacion t\u00eb lart\u00eb, dhe u diplomua n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 17-vje\u00e7are n\u00eb vitin 1812. Gjat\u00eb luft\u00ebrave napoleoniane, ai sh\u00ebrbeu n\u00eb ushtri si mjek, dhe n\u00eb vitin 1820, me k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e nj\u00eb klienti t\u00eb pasur gruaja e t\u00eb cilit dukej se ishte n\u00eb prag t\u00eb lindjes, ai kryeu nj\u00eb nga prerjet e para t\u00eb suksesshme cezariane.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Edhe pse Dr. Barry e jetoi t\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tij adulte private dhe profesionale si burr\u00eb, ai ka lindur Margaret Ann <\/strong>dhe njihej si femj\u00eb fem\u00ebr gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb foshnj\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb tij. Zgjedhja p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar gjinin\u00eb e tij do t\u00eb ishte pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar pranimi si student universitar <\/strong>dhe t\u00eb vazhdonte nj\u00eb karrier\u00eb si kirurg; vet\u00ebm pas nj\u00eb ekzaminimi pas-vdekjes u zbulua seksi biologjik i Barit p\u00ebr publikun dhe koleg\u00ebt ushtarak\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ajo zgjodhi t\u00eb b\u00ebhej mjeke ushtarake n\u00eb \u00e7astin e vdekjes s\u00eb saj. Jo p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e nj\u00eb gruaje p\u00ebr t'u b\u00ebr\u00eb e till\u00eb, por thjesht p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Alma Dea Morani \u2013 Nga skulptura te kirurgjia plastike<\/h2>\n
\"first

Dr. Alma Dea Morani<\/p><\/div>\n

Babai i saj donte q\u00eb ajo t\u00eb b\u00ebhej skulptore e suksesshme, por ajo zgjodhi t'ia kushtonte jet\u00ebn mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebhej kirurgia e par\u00eb plastike n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alma Dea Morani u lind n\u00eb New York City n\u00eb vitin 1907 nga Amalia Gracci Morani dhe artisti Salvatore Natali Morani, nga i cili ajo trash\u00ebgoi nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb e fort\u00eb estetike.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Morani mori diplom\u00ebn e mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb nga Kolegji Mjek\u00ebsor i Grave i Pensilvanis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1931. N\u00eb vitin 1946, ajo filloi trajnimin e saj n\u00eb St. Louis n\u00ebn drejtimin e kirurgut t\u00eb njohur plastik \u201cKolonel\u201d J. Barrett Brown, M.D. Asaj i duheshin gjasht\u00eb vjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur nj\u00eb kurs q\u00eb do t\u00eb pranonte gra, por bursa e saj e lejoi at\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgonte<\/strong>, t\u00eb mos funksionoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ajo i shfryt\u00ebzoi sa m\u00eb mir\u00eb k\u00ebto kufizime dhe p\u00ebrdori aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e saj si artiste p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgoni dhe b\u00ebni skica e fotografi para dhe pas nd\u00ebrhyrjeve kirurgjikale.<\/strong> Koloneli Braun vuri re p\u00ebrfundimisht pun\u00ebn e saj intensive, dhe n\u00eb fund e lejoi at\u00eb ta ndihmonte n\u00eb kirurgji \u201ct\u00eb shtunave kur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt shkonin t\u00eb luanin golf\u201d, duke e l\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonte nj\u00eb burs\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb klinike.<\/p>\n

Dr. Morani u kthye n\u00eb Kolegjin Mjek\u00ebsor t\u00eb Grajve t\u00eb Pensilvanis\u00eb, ku u em\u00ebrua profesor klinik i kirurgjis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme dhe kirurgjis\u00eb plastike <\/strong>deri n\u00eb vitin 1975.<\/p>\n

Helen Octavia Dickens \u2013 gruaja e par\u00eb me ngjyr\u00eb e pranuar n\u00eb Kolegjin Amerikan t\u00eb Kirurg\u00ebve<\/h2>\n
\"first

Dr. Helen Octavia Dickens<\/p><\/div>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1950, Dr. Helen Dickens ishte gruaja e par\u00eb afro-amerikane e pranuar n\u00eb Kolegjin Amerikan al Kirurg\u00ebve. <\/strong>Ajo kujtonte shpesh klas\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb, kur kishte zgjedhur t\u00eb ulej n\u00eb rreshtin e par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur shqet\u00ebsimin nga komentet dhe gjestet raciste t\u00eb bashk\u00ebnx\u00ebn\u00ebsve t\u00eb saj, pasi ajo ishte bija e nj\u00eb skllavi.<\/p>\n

Dr Dickens ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e motivuar dhe e frym\u00ebzuar nga arritjet e grave t\u00eb tjera afrikano-amerikane q\u00eb kishin ecur para saj. Helen Dickens, gruaja e vetme afro-amerikane n\u00eb klas\u00ebn e saj<\/strong>, mori diplom\u00ebn e doktoratur\u00ebs n\u00eb mjek\u00ebsi (M.D.) nga e nj\u00ebjta kolegj n\u00eb vitin 1934 dhe u b\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebs-dekane e Zyr\u00ebs p\u00ebr \u00c7\u00ebshtjet e Pakicave n\u00eb Universitetin e Pensilvanis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1969. Brenda pes\u00eb vjet\u00ebsh, ajo kishte rritur numrin e student\u00ebve nga pakicat nga 3 n\u00eb 64.<\/p>\n

Dr. Dikens gra t\u00eb reja t\u00eb arsimuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb fuqizuar veten.<\/strong> Ajo p\u00ebrdori hulumtimin e saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebshilluar shkolla, prind\u00ebr dhe profesionist\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mbi strategjit\u00eb e nd\u00ebrhyrjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur incidenc\u00ebn e shtatz\u00ebnis\u00eb te adoleshent\u00ebt dhe s\u00ebmundjet seksualisht t\u00eb transmetueshme. Ajo mori nderime t\u00eb shumta p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e saj n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin seksual p\u00ebr grat\u00eb e reja dhe adulte.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dora Richter \u2013 Gruaja e par\u00eb trans q\u00eb iu n\u00ebnshtrua operacionit t\u00eb konfirmimit gjinor<\/h2>\n
\"first

Dora Richter<\/p><\/div>\n

Historia e mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb ndiqet jo vet\u00ebm nga mjek\u00ebt dhe kirurg\u00ebt, por edhe nga pacient\u00eb t\u00eb guximsh\u00ebm q\u00eb zgjedhin t\u00eb jen\u00eb nd\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb i n\u00ebnshtrohen nj\u00eb procedure. Sot kemi vendosur t'ju tregojm\u00eb p\u00ebr Dora Richter<\/strong>, gruaja e par\u00eb transgjinore n\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb iu n\u00ebnshtrua operacionit t\u00eb konfirmimit gjinor. Dora lindi n\u00eb vitin 1891 n\u00eb Gjermani nga nj\u00eb familje e varf\u00ebr fermer\u00ebsh. Pavar\u00ebsisht se emri i tij i lindjes ishte Rudolph, prind\u00ebrit e saj e lejuan at\u00eb t\u00eb jeto e lir\u00eb nga identiteti i saj gjinor<\/strong> p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebrin\u00eb e saj.<\/p>\n

Ajo e jetoi jet\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb rritur n\u00eb Berlin, ku ajo her\u00eb pas here arrestohej p\u00ebr \u2018krimin\u2019 e t\u00eb veshurit si burr\u00eb<\/strong> dhe u d\u00ebnua n\u00eb nj\u00eb burg p\u00ebr burra. S\u00eb fundi, Dora iu besua kujdesit t\u00eb Magnus Hirschfeld, nj\u00eb mjek gjerman dhe aktivist i hersh\u00ebm i t\u00eb drejtave seksuale<\/strong>. Ai drejtoi Institutin e K\u00ebrkimeve Sexuale, ku Dora punoi si pun\u00ebtore sht\u00ebpie p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dhjet\u00eb vjet.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1922, ajo b\u00ebri nj\u00eb orkiektomi dhe vaginoplastik\u00eb. Me sa dim\u00eb, kjo e b\u00ebri at\u00eb personi i par\u00eb q\u00eb iu n\u00ebnshtrua operacionit t\u00eb konfirmimit gjinor<\/strong>. Vdekja e saj ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb shkaktuar nga nj\u00eb sulm nazist n\u00eb institut n\u00eb vitin 1933.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ada Lovelace \u2013 N\u00ebna e shkenc\u00ebs moderne kompjuterike<\/h2>\n
\"Ada

Ada Lovelace<\/p><\/div>\n

Si nj\u00eb kompani DeepTech, ne nuk mund t\u00eb harrojm\u00eb Ada Lovelace<\/strong>, gruaja q\u00eb kontribuoi n\u00eb zhvillimin e shkenc\u00ebs moderne kompjuterike. Sot, ajo njihet zyrtarisht si programuesja e par\u00eb e kompjuterit n\u00eb histori. <\/strong>Ada Lovelace ishte e vetmja bij\u00eb e poetit Lord Byron dhe Anne Isabella Milbanke, nj\u00eb matematicene.<\/p>\n

Aft\u00ebsit\u00eb e saj matematike \u00e7uan n\u00eb nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim t\u00eb gjat\u00eb pune dhe miq\u00ebsi me Charles Babbage, i cili konsiderohet \u201cbabai i kompjuterave<\/strong>\u201cPuna e Babixhait n\u00eb L\u00ebvizjen Analitike ngjalli kureshtjen e saj n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti. Sh\u00ebnimet e Lovelace jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb historin\u00eb e hershme t\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebve sepse ato p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb konsiderohet gjer\u00ebsisht si programi i par\u00eb kompjuterik\u2014dometh\u00ebn\u00eb, nj\u00eb algorit\u00ebm i projektuar p\u00ebr t'u ekzekutuar nga nj\u00eb makin\u00eb. Ada e p\u00ebrshkroi qasjen e saj si \u201cshkenc\u00eb poetike<\/strong>\u201d dhe veten si nj\u00eb \u201cAnalist (& Metafizikan)<\/strong>\u201d, kjo m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb menduari e shtyu at\u00eb t\u00eb pyeste rreth Motorrit Analitik dhe se si individ\u00ebt dhe shoq\u00ebria nd\u00ebrveprojn\u00eb me teknologjin\u00eb si nj\u00eb mjet bashk\u00ebpunimi.<\/p>\n

Bibliografia<\/h4>\n

Wirtzfeld, Debrah A. \u201cHistoria e Grave n\u00eb Kirurgji<\/a>.\u201d Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie<\/em>, Shoqata Mjek\u00ebsore Kanadeze, Gusht 2009.<\/p>\n

\u201cDr James Barry: Nj\u00eb grua p\u00ebrpara koh\u00ebs s\u00eb saj \u2013 Nj\u00eb histori e shk\u00eblqyer e mashtrimit skandaloz.\u201d The<\/em> Kujdestar<\/em>, Guardian News and Media, 10 N\u00ebntor 2016<\/p>\n

\u201cNdryshimi i Fytyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb | Alma Dea Morani.<\/a>\u201d Biblioteka Komb\u00ebtare e Mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb e SHBA-s\u00eb<\/em>, National Institutes of Health, 3 June 2015.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/div> \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div> \n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A brief female medical history Why is a female's surgical history so important to bring up? 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